Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women

Victor Hng Hang Goh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women

Victor Hng Hang Goh

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 23 February 2021 Accepted: 13 March 2021 Published: 30 March 2021

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Abstract

Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were categorized into four groups to evaluated for their relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results: Men have 35% more LMI, 57% less FMI and 30% less of AbFI than in women. Lean and fat mass have independent and gender-specific relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Varying amounts of LMI in men have no bearing on the MetS risk factors. While in women, high LMI is associated with risk factors for metabolic health. High FMI in men is cardio-protective, while high FMI in women is associated with higher insulin resistance markers. High AbFI in both men and women is a predictor, possibly, of poorer metabolic health. BMI reflects the combined association of LMI, FMI and AbFI. Conclusions: The results clarify and reveal the clear gender differences in the relationships of LMI, FMI, AbFI and BMI with the various MetS risk factors. These news findings, together with known predicators of MetS such as age, physical exercise, male and female hormones, should form the basis to establish different and gender-specific management modalities for MetS.

Published in	World Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14
Page(s)	17-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fat Mass Index (FMI), Lean Mass Index (LMI), Abdominal Fat Mass Index (AbFI), Body Mass Index (BMI), Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors, Cardio-protection

References

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APA Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. (2021). Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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ACS Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World J. Public Health 2021, 6(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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AMA Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World J Public Health. 2021;6(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14,
  author = {Victor Hng Hang Goh},
  title = {Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210601.14},
  abstract = {Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were categorized into four groups to evaluated for their relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results: Men have 35% more LMI, 57% less FMI and 30% less of AbFI than in women. Lean and fat mass have independent and gender-specific relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Varying amounts of LMI in men have no bearing on the MetS risk factors. While in women, high LMI is associated with risk factors for metabolic health. High FMI in men is cardio-protective, while high FMI in women is associated with higher insulin resistance markers. High AbFI in both men and women is a predictor, possibly, of poorer metabolic health. BMI reflects the combined association of LMI, FMI and AbFI. Conclusions: The results clarify and reveal the clear gender differences in the relationships of LMI, FMI, AbFI and BMI with the various MetS risk factors. These news findings, together with known predicators of MetS such as age, physical exercise, male and female hormones, should form the basis to establish different and gender-specific management modalities for MetS.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women
AU - Victor Hng Hang Goh
Y1 - 2021/03/30
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14
DO - 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14
T2 - World Journal of Public Health
JF - World Journal of Public Health
JO - World Journal of Public Health
SP - 17
EP - 24
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2637-6059
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14
AB - Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were categorized into four groups to evaluated for their relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results: Men have 35% more LMI, 57% less FMI and 30% less of AbFI than in women. Lean and fat mass have independent and gender-specific relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Varying amounts of LMI in men have no bearing on the MetS risk factors. While in women, high LMI is associated with risk factors for metabolic health. High FMI in men is cardio-protective, while high FMI in women is associated with higher insulin resistance markers. High AbFI in both men and women is a predictor, possibly, of poorer metabolic health. BMI reflects the combined association of LMI, FMI and AbFI. Conclusions: The results clarify and reveal the clear gender differences in the relationships of LMI, FMI, AbFI and BMI with the various MetS risk factors. These news findings, together with known predicators of MetS such as age, physical exercise, male and female hormones, should form the basis to establish different and gender-specific management modalities for MetS.
VL - 6
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Victor Hng Hang Goh

Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia

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APA Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. (2021). Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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ACS Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World J. Public Health 2021, 6(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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AMA Style

Victor Hng Hang Goh. Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women. World J Public Health. 2021;6(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14,
  author = {Victor Hng Hang Goh},
  title = {Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210601.14},
  abstract = {Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were categorized into four groups to evaluated for their relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results: Men have 35% more LMI, 57% less FMI and 30% less of AbFI than in women. Lean and fat mass have independent and gender-specific relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Varying amounts of LMI in men have no bearing on the MetS risk factors. While in women, high LMI is associated with risk factors for metabolic health. High FMI in men is cardio-protective, while high FMI in women is associated with higher insulin resistance markers. High AbFI in both men and women is a predictor, possibly, of poorer metabolic health. BMI reflects the combined association of LMI, FMI and AbFI. Conclusions: The results clarify and reveal the clear gender differences in the relationships of LMI, FMI, AbFI and BMI with the various MetS risk factors. These news findings, together with known predicators of MetS such as age, physical exercise, male and female hormones, should form the basis to establish different and gender-specific management modalities for MetS.},
 year = {2021}
}

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